Kesehatan Bedakan Gejala Darah Tinggi dan Rendah demi Kesehatan Anda

Bedakan Gejala Darah Tinggi dan Rendah demi Kesehatan Anda

21/11/202521/11/2025| Riza MunawarRiza Munawar| 145 Comments | 6:28 pm
Bedakan Gejala Darah Tinggi dan Rendah demi Kesehatan Anda
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Medicalnews – Tekanan darah tinggi dan tekanan darah rendah menjadi masalah kesehatan yang sering muncul di masyarakat. Kedua kondisi memiliki gejala berbeda. Namun keduanya tetap membutuhkan perhatian karena dapat memengaruhi kesehatan secara keseluruhan. Tekanan darah tinggi dikenal sebagai hipertensi, sedangkan tekanan darah rendah dikenal sebagai hipotensi.

Hipertensi terjadi ketika tekanan darah pada dinding arteri meningkat secara konsisten. Kondisi ini membuat jantung bekerja lebih keras untuk memompa darah ke seluruh tubuh. Sebaliknya, hipotensi terjadi ketika tekanan darah berada di bawah batas normal sehingga aliran darah ke organ berkurang.

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Memahami Batas Tekanan Darah

Tekanan darah terbagi menjadi dua angka. Angka atas menunjukkan tekanan sistolik, sedangkan angka bawah menunjukkan tekanan diastolik. American College of Cardiology dan American Heart Association membagi tekanan darah ke beberapa kategori berikut:

  • Tekanan darah normal: sekitar 120/80 mm Hg atau lebih rendah
  • Tekanan darah meningkat: 120–129 mm Hg dengan angka bawah di bawah 80 mm Hg
  • Hipertensi stadium 1: 130–139 mm Hg atau 80–89 mm Hg
  • Hipertensi stadium 2: ≥140 mm Hg atau ≥90 mm Hg
  • Tekanan darah >180/120 mm Hg masuk kondisi darurat

Sebaliknya, tekanan darah di bawah 90 mm Hg sistolik dianggap sebagai hipotensi. Banyak orang menganggap hipotensi tidak berbahaya. Namun kondisi ini bisa menimbulkan masalah serius bila terjadi secara ekstrem.

Gejala Hipertensi yang Perlu Diwaspadai

Tekanan darah tinggi sering muncul tanpa gejala. Banyak orang tidak menyadari kondisi mereka karena tubuh tidak menunjukkan tanda jelas. Satu-satunya cara mengetahui hipertensi adalah dengan mengukur tekanan darah secara rutin.

Beberapa penderita mungkin mengalami gejala berikut:

  • Sakit kepala
  • Sesak napas
  • Mimisan

Gejala tersebut biasanya muncul ketika tekanan darah mencapai tingkat yang sangat tinggi. Karena itu, pemeriksaan rutin menjadi langkah penting untuk mencegah komplikasi.

Gejala Hipotensi dan Dampaknya

Tekanan darah rendah juga memiliki gejala yang perlu diperhatikan. Penurunan tiba-tiba sebesar 20 mm Hg dapat memicu keluhan. Perubahan tersebut dapat membuat seseorang merasa pusing atau bahkan pingsan.

Gejala hipotensi meliputi:

  • Penglihatan kabur
  • Pusing
  • Pingsan
  • Kelelahan
  • Sulit berkonsentrasi
  • Mual

Tekanan darah rendah yang ekstrem dapat menyebabkan syok. Kondisi ini membutuhkan penanganan cepat. Gejala syok meliputi:

  • Kebingungan
  • Kulit dingin dan lembap
  • Warna kulit pucat
  • Pernapasan cepat dan dangkal
  • Detak jantung lemah dan cepat

Pentingnya Mengenali Perbedaan Kedua Kondisi

Hipertensi dan hipotensi membutuhkan perhatian yang berbeda. Hipertensi memberi beban lebih pada jantung dan dapat merusak pembuluh darah. Kondisi ini meningkatkan risiko stroke, serangan jantung, dan gagal ginjal. Karena itu, penderita perlu menjaga pola hidup sehat dan memeriksa tekanan darah secara rutin.

Sebaliknya, hipotensi dapat mengurangi aliran darah ke otak dan organ vital. Kondisi ini dapat menimbulkan rasa pusing dan menyebabkan cedera akibat jatuh atau pingsan. Orang dengan hipotensi juga perlu memantau gejalanya agar mendapatkan penanganan yang tepat.

Langkah Sederhana untuk Menjaga Tekanan Darah

Beberapa langkah dapat membantu menjaga tekanan darah tetap stabil:

  • Konsumsi makanan bergizi setiap hari
  • Kurangi garam untuk mengurangi risiko hipertensi
  • Minum air yang cukup untuk mencegah tekanan darah rendah
  • Istirahat cukup setiap malam
  • Kelola stres dengan kegiatan positif
  • Lakukan olahraga ringan secara rutin

Konsultasi dengan tenaga medis juga sangat penting. Dokter dapat memberikan pemeriksaan berkala dan rekomendasi yang sesuai kondisi tubuh.

Kesimpulan

Hipertensi dan hipotensi memiliki dampak berbeda namun sama-sama penting untuk diperhatikan. Mengenali gejala awal membantu seseorang mengambil tindakan cepat. Pola hidup sehat dan pemeriksaan rutin menjadi langkah terbaik untuk menjaga kesehatan jantung dan tekanan darah setiap hari.

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