Medicalnews – Glioma Gejala Cara Deteksi: Glioma adalah pertumbuhan abnormal pada sel glia yang berada di otak atau sumsum tulang belakang. Sel glia berfungsi melindungi saraf, menyalurkan oksigen, menyediakan nutrisi, serta membersihkan sel-sel mati.
Sebagian besar glioma bersifat ganas, meski ada juga yang tumbuh lambat dan tidak termasuk kanker. Glioma tingkat rendah berkembang perlahan, sedangkan tingkat tinggi tumbuh agresif dan lebih berbahaya. Kondisi ini mengganggu fungsi otak dan menyulitkan penanganan karena tumor menempel pada jaringan otak sehat.
“Baca Juga: Waspada Kanker Payudara: Kenali Faktor Risiko Sejak Dini“
Gejala Glioma yang Perlu Diwaspadai
Gejala glioma berbeda-beda tergantung lokasi, ukuran, dan jenis tumornya. Namun, beberapa tanda umum yang sering muncul antara lain:
- Sakit kepala, terutama di pagi hari.
- Mual dan muntah.
- Penurunan daya ingat dan kebingungan.
- Sulit berpikir atau memahami informasi.
- Perubahan perilaku dan mudah emosi.
- Gangguan penglihatan, seperti pandangan buram atau ganda.
- Kesulitan berbicara.
- Kejang.
Jika seseorang mengalami gejala tersebut, ia harus segera melakukan pemeriksaan medis. Pemeriksaan dini membantu dokter menilai kondisi lebih tepat.
Metode Pemeriksaan Glioma
Dokter biasanya melakukan pemeriksaan fisik dan neurologis sebelum menganjurkan pemeriksaan lanjutan. Beberapa metode yang sering digunakan adalah:
- MRI dan CT Scan
Pemindaian ini membantu menemukan adanya tumor di otak atau sumsum tulang belakang. - Biopsi
Jika ditemukan massa abnormal, dokter mengambil sampel jaringan untuk analisis. Biopsi membantu menentukan jenis tumor, tingkat agresivitas, dan kemungkinan faktor genetik.
Penanganan Glioma
Dokter menentukan strategi pengobatan berdasarkan usia pasien, riwayat medis, ukuran, serta lokasi tumor. Beberapa metode penanganan yang umum meliputi:
1. Operasi
Dokter biasanya melakukan kraniotomi atau operasi otak terbuka untuk mengangkat tumor. Pada beberapa kasus, dokter memilih ablasi laser dengan luka minimal untuk menghancurkan tumor. Dokter juga menggunakan teknik pemetaan otak agar operasi tidak merusak jaringan sehat.
2. Terapi Radiasi
Terapi ini menggunakan radiasi dosis tinggi untuk menghancurkan sel tumor. Dokter mengarahkan radiasi tepat ke bentuk tumor sehingga risiko kerusakan jaringan sekitar menjadi lebih kecil. Brakiterapi menjadi salah satu metode radiasi dengan menempatkan sumber radiasi langsung di dekat tumor.
3. Kemoterapi
Kemoterapi menggunakan obat-obatan untuk membunuh sel kanker. Obat dapat diberikan secara oral maupun infus. Salah satu obat yang sering digunakan adalah temozolomide, biasanya diberikan bersamaan dengan terapi radiasi untuk meningkatkan efektivitas.
Peluang Hidup Pasien Glioma
Tingkat kelangsungan hidup sangat bergantung pada jenis tumor, usia pasien, dan adanya perubahan genetik tertentu. Menurut Cleveland Clinic, glioma tingkat rendah seperti astrositoma ringan atau oligodendroglioma memiliki peluang hidup lima tahun yang cukup tinggi.
Sebaliknya, glioblastoma sebagai jenis paling ganas hanya memiliki peluang hidup sekitar 6% hingga 20%.
Bisakah Glioma Dicegah?
Glioma memang sulit dicegah sepenuhnya. Namun, ada langkah sederhana yang dapat membantu mengurangi risiko, antara lain:
- Menghindari paparan radiasi berlebihan pada kepala.
- Menjaga pola hidup sehat dengan olahraga teratur dan tidur cukup.
- Mengonsumsi makanan bergizi seimbang.
- Tidak merokok.
- Membatasi konsumsi alkohol.
Kesimpulan: Glioma Gejala Cara Deteksi
Glioma adalah tumor otak yang berbahaya dan dapat memengaruhi banyak fungsi tubuh. Deteksi dini menjadi langkah penting untuk menentukan jenis serta tingkat agresivitas tumor. Dengan pemeriksaan medis, pengobatan yang tepat dapat segera dilakukan.
Meski sulit dicegah, gaya hidup sehat dapat membantu mengurangi risiko munculnya glioma. Karena itu, menjaga kesehatan sejak dini sangat penting agar otak tetap berfungsi optimal.
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