Kesehatan Anak Kena Campak di AS Alami Keracunan Vitamin A

Anak Kena Campak di AS Alami Keracunan Vitamin A

29/03/202529/03/2025| Riza MunawarRiza Munawar| 46 Comments | 3:14 pm
Anak Kena Campak di AS Alami Keracunan Vitamin A
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Medicalnews – Dokter di Texas dan New Mexico menemukan kasus baru yang mengkhawatirkan pada pasien campak, yaitu keracunan vitamin A. Rumah Sakit Anak Covenant di Lubbock mencatat beberapa pasien mengalami gangguan fungsi hati. Hasil pemeriksaan urine di laboratorium menunjukkan adanya indikasi kelebihan vitamin A.

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“Gangguan tersebut kemungkinan besar akibat konsumsi vitamin A berlebihan,” kata Dr. Lara Johnson, dokter spesialis anak dan kepala staf medis Covenant Health-Lubbock Service Area, dikutip dari CNN, Kamis (27/3/2025).

Instruksi Penggunaan Vitamin A Picu Masalah Baru

Masalah ini muncul setelah Menteri Kesehatan dan Layanan Kemanusiaan AS, Robert F. Kennedy, menganjurkan pemberian vitamin A dalam menangani wabah campak. Ia menyebut vitamin A sebagai profilaksis dalam beberapa wawancara, meski tidak memberikan penekanan pada vaksinasi.

Padahal, satu-satunya cara efektif untuk mencegah campak adalah melalui vaksin campak-gondongan-rubella (MMR). Dua dosis vaksin ini bisa melindungi hingga 97 persen dari infeksi campak.

Dr. Peter Hotez, Direktur Pusat Pengembangan Vaksin Rumah Sakit Anak Texas, menyayangkan narasi yang keliru. Ia khawatir masyarakat salah paham dan memilih vitamin A dibanding vaksin MMR.

“Jika orang mengira ada pilihan antara vaksin atau vitamin A, banyak anak bisa tertular campak tanpa perlu,” ujarnya. “Selain itu, tidak ada pengawasan dosis, sehingga risiko keracunan meningkat.”

Kelebihan Vitamin A Bisa Sebabkan Kerusakan Organ

Vitamin A memang memiliki peran penting dalam mendukung pengobatan campak, khususnya bagi penderita defisiensi nutrisi. Organisasi Kesehatan Dunia (WHO) dan CDC merekomendasikan penggunaan vitamin ini dalam kasus campak berat. Namun, manfaatnya paling terasa di negara dengan angka defisiensi vitamin A yang tinggi.

“Pasien di Texas Barat umumnya bergizi baik,” kata Dr. Lesley Motheral, dokter anak di Lubbock. Ia meragukan efektivitas vitamin A dalam kasus campak di wilayah tersebut.

Vitamin A membantu sistem kekebalan dan penglihatan. Namun, karena sifatnya yang larut dalam lemak, tubuh bisa menimbunnya di organ seperti hati. Kelebihan vitamin A bisa menyebabkan kulit dan mata kering, gangguan penglihatan, penipisan tulang, kerusakan hati, bahkan cacat lahir pada ibu hamil.

Dokter bisa memberikan perawatan suportif seperti cairan untuk tekanan darah rendah atau pelembap untuk gejala ringan. Namun, pasien yang mengalami kerusakan serius membutuhkan penanganan lebih lanjut.

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“Jika pasien menghentikan konsumsi vitamin A, mereka bisa pulih dengan cepat,” jelas Dr. Motheral. “Namun, keracunan kronis bisa menyebabkan kerusakan otak, tulang, dan hati yang tidak selalu dapat disembuhkan.”

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