Medicalnews – Dokter spesialis tumbuh kembang, Rodman Tarigan, menjelaskan berbagai mitos tentang vaksinasi. Ia juga membahas hubungan antara ASI dan imunisasi pada anak.
Rodman mengatakan ASI merupakan nutrisi terbaik bagi bayi. Ibu sebaiknya memberikan ASI eksklusif hingga usia enam bulan.
ASI mengandung lemak, protein, karbohidrat, dan antibodi penting. Kandungan tersebut membantu meningkatkan daya tahan tubuh bayi.
Selain itu, ASI juga membantu mencegah infeksi dan alergi. Karena itu, ASI memiliki manfaat besar untuk tumbuh kembang anak.
Namun, Rodman menegaskan bahwa ASI dan imunisasi memiliki tujuan berbeda. ASI memberikan perlindungan umum, sedangkan vaksin melindungi dari penyakit tertentu.
Ia menjelaskan bahwa ASI tidak cukup untuk mencegah penyakit seperti polio, tetanus, dan difteri. Karena itu, anak tetap membutuhkan imunisasi lengkap.
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Imunisasi Membantu Mengurangi Risiko Penyakit Berat
Rodman mengatakan imunisasi tidak selalu membuat anak kebal total terhadap penyakit. Namun, vaksin dapat membantu meringankan gejala saat anak sakit.
Selain itu, vaksin juga membantu menurunkan risiko komplikasi serius. Perlindungan tersebut sangat penting untuk kesehatan jangka panjang anak.
Ia juga menjelaskan pentingnya kekebalan kelompok atau herd immunity. Jika cakupan vaksin rendah, risiko penularan penyakit akan meningkat.
Karena itu, anak tetap bisa tertular meski sudah menerima vaksin lengkap. Faktor lingkungan dan kondisi sekitar ikut memengaruhi penyebaran penyakit.
Imunisasi Ganda Tidak Membahayakan Anak
Sebagian masyarakat masih percaya imunisasi ganda dapat membebani sistem imun anak. Mereka juga khawatir efek sampingnya lebih berbahaya.
Namun, Rodman menegaskan penelitian tidak menemukan dampak buruk dari imunisasi ganda. Metode tersebut justru membantu menghemat waktu orang tua.
Selain itu, imunisasi ganda membantu meningkatkan cakupan vaksinasi masyarakat. Anak juga tidak perlu terlalu sering datang ke fasilitas kesehatan.
Kebersihan Saja Tidak Cukup Mencegah Penyakit
Banyak orang percaya kebersihan dan vitamin sudah cukup menjaga kesehatan anak. Padahal, kebiasaan tersebut tidak dapat menggantikan fungsi vaksin.
Rodman menjelaskan vaksin memiliki perlindungan khusus terhadap penyakit tertentu. Contohnya campak, polio, dan infeksi berbahaya lainnya.
Karena itu, anak tetap membutuhkan imunisasi meski sudah menjalani pola hidup sehat.
Mitos Vaksin Sebabkan Autisme Tidak Benar
Sebagian masyarakat masih mengaitkan vaksin MMR dengan autisme. Rodman menegaskan bahwa anggapan tersebut tidak benar.
Ia menjelaskan penelitian besar di Denmark membuktikan tidak ada hubungan vaksin MMR dengan autisme. Studi tersebut melibatkan lebih dari 500 ribu anak.
Selain itu, vaksin juga tidak menyebabkan penyakit autoimun atau alergi berat. Kandungan vaksin tidak bertahan lama di dalam tubuh.
Rodman juga membantah isu microchip dalam vaksin. Ia mengatakan proses produksi vaksin diawasi sangat ketat.
Menurutnya, secara teknis sangat tidak mungkin vaksin mengandung alat pelacak.
Anak dengan Alergi Telur Tetap Bisa Divaksin
Sebagian orang tua takut memberikan vaksin MMR kepada anak dengan alergi telur. Mereka khawatir vaksin memicu reaksi berbahaya.
Namun, Rodman menjelaskan belum ada bukti ilmiah yang mendukung anggapan tersebut. Karena itu, anak dengan alergi telur tetap bisa menerima vaksin MMR.
Orang Dewasa Juga Membutuhkan Imunisasi
Rodman menegaskan imunisasi tidak hanya untuk anak-anak. Orang dewasa, ibu hamil, dan lansia juga membutuhkan vaksin tertentu.
PAPDI bahkan telah merilis rekomendasi imunisasi dewasa pada tahun 2025. Langkah tersebut bertujuan meningkatkan perlindungan kesehatan masyarakat.
Selain itu, beberapa negara Timur Tengah juga tetap menjalankan program vaksinasi. Data menunjukkan cakupan imunisasi di negara tersebut sangat tinggi.
Karena itu, masyarakat sebaiknya tidak mudah percaya pada informasi yang belum terbukti benar.
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